Stop Motion Look

The picture appears as rapid on/off flashes so motion looks frozen into discrete jerky poses (or wheels seem to stand still or spin backwards).

This is for a motion graphics video. Add a "Strobe Effect" (also called a stroboscopic effect) to [scene]: the moving subject shows only in rapid on/off flashes.
Each flash should catch the motion frozen in a separate pose, with nothing of it visible in between — a stop motion look keeps the picture on and only lowers the frame rate.
Run it over [duration], and keep the flashing gentle and confined to the subject so it never turns into a harsh full-screen flicker.

The pose updates only every 2 or 3 frames, giving a choppier hand-drawn rhythm than every-frame (ones) motion.

This is for a motion graphics video. Animate [scene] by "Animating on Twos" (also called on twos or held frames): hold each pose for two frames, so the picture updates half as often as the video plays.
The motion should keep its path and overall speed but advance in small, even jerks, like hand-drawn or stop-motion animation — not a few big jumps with long pauses, which would be a stepped ease.
Keep it up for [duration], and hold each pose one frame longer (on threes) if it should feel choppier still.

Slow real-world processes (clouds, growth, crowds) appear to run at high speed because frames were captured at long intervals, giving a stepped, flowing look.

This is for a motion graphics video. Show [scene] as a "Time-Lapse" (also called time-lapse photography): the camera stays locked off while slow changes race by.
Light, shadows, clouds or growth should flow quickly with a slightly stepped feel, as if the frames were taken far apart — sped-up continuous action is fast motion, and a camera that travels between frames makes it a hyperlapse.
Compress the whole change into [duration].

One layer acts as a moving window (by transparency or brightness) that reveals the image beneath, typically text or a shape wiping content into view.

This is for a motion graphics video. In [scene], use a "Track Matte Reveal" (also called a matte reveal, alpha matte or luma matte): a separate text or shape layer acts as a window, and the picture beneath shows only inside it.
Animate the window itself so it travels across and uncovers different parts of the picture, while the picture underneath keeps playing in place and everything outside the window stays empty — a shape wipe would instead replace one shot with the next.
Run it over [duration], and cut the window either by the matte layer's transparency for a crisp edge or by its brightness for a soft, graded one.